What is the difference between plasma and serum? In medical testing, plasma and serum are two different components of blood. They are separated from red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets by centrifugation.
Plasma is a liquid component of blood that contains all proteins, electrolytes, hormones, and clotting factors. It can also carry waste products and nutrients to the right places in your body.
Water
Water is a liquid that carries necessary nutrients, minerals, proteins and hormones throughout the body. It also transports metabolic waste and helps regulate pH levels.
Water’s unique ability to dissolve many different types of molecules makes it an essential life-supporting substance. It also plays an important role in regulating pH levels by dissociating compounds into ions, as well as helping cells to transport oxygen for respiration and other vital functions.
A water molecule is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. When the hydrogens bind to the oxygen, they create an asymmetrical molecule with a positive charge on one side and a negative charge on the other.
This polarity allows water to interact with other polar molecules, like itself, and nonpolar molecules, such as lipids. Water is also a powerful solvent, which means it can dissolve a wide range of substances, such as drugs and amino acids.
Proteins
Proteins are a key part of the human body. They are found in all cells and tissues, and they perform many important functions such as enzymes, hormones, hemoglobin, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and others.
In the serum, there are several different types of proteins. The most common are globulins and albumin. Globulins are divided into alpha, beta, and gamma globulins.
They are used to carry small molecules from the blood to different parts of the body. They also help to prevent fluid from leaking out of the blood vessels into the tissues.
There are also proteins that bind heavy metals. Two examples are transferrin and ceruloplasmin, which bind iron and copper, respectively.
Clotting Factors
Blood is a liquid that carries oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body. It also contains clotting factors to help prevent bleeding and heal wounds.
When a person has hemophilia, their blood does not contain enough of the clotting factor fibrinogen. Treatment products, called clotting factor concentrates, can replace this missing factor so that the patient’s blood can properly clot.
The serum portion of the blood contains proteins, electrolytes, antibodies and hormones, while the plasma part of the blood has clotting factors. Serum is often used for diagnostic testing to check blood groups and blood clotting, while plasma is commonly used in treating bleeding disorders.
Both plasma and serum can be extracted from whole blood using a centrifuge. However, the main difference is that plasma has clotting factors and blood cells, while serum does not.
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Antibodies
Antibodies are proteins made by the immune system to help fight disease-causing microbes. They come in different forms, but all have the same basic structure: Y-shaped polypeptide chains composed of two heavy (H) and two light (L) chains, each with identical antigen-binding sites.
The heavy chains have a variable region that can bind to various antigens; the light chains have a constant region that is limited to a specific type of protein. This allows antibodies to bind and react with different types of molecules, allowing the immune system to mount a full defense against an infection.
A single antibody can bind to thousands of different antigens, which helps the immune system identify and destroy the disease-causing microbe. Once the antibody has bonded with the antigen, the antigen can be marked for destruction by other immune cells, such as T cells. Eventually, the antigen is destroyed and its remains are eaten up by phagocytes, large cells that can swallow and digest foreign substances.
